Navy Regulation 156: Convening Authority, Application of Mind, Evidence Sufficiency & Invalid Court-Martial Convening

Navy Regulation 156 explained: duties of the Convening Authority, scrutiny of charges, evidentiary sufficiency, independent application of mind, Regulation 157 amendments, Regulation 159 convening and AFT consequences.

Read More

Navy Regulation 149: Summary of Evidence, Investigation, Accused’s Statement, Remand & Court-Martial Consequences

A detailed guide to Regulation 149 of the Navy (Discipline and Miscellaneous Provisions) Regulations, 1965, including investigation, recording of evidence, Regulation 151 statement, Regulation 152 remand, convening scrutiny and court-martial consequences.

Read More

Data Principal Rights Under DPDP Act: Access, Correction, Erasure, Grievance, Nomination & 2027 Commencement

A practical guide to Data Principal rights under Sections 11–15 of the DPDP Act, Rule 14 of the DPDP Rules, the 13 May 2027 commencement date, grievance procedure and organisational readiness.

Read More

Employee Misconduct & Domestic Enquiry in India After Labour Codes: Charge-Sheet, Suspension, 90-Day Inquiry, Subsistence Allowance & Dismissal

Labour Law • Industrial Relations Code • Disciplinary Proceedings. A 2026 guide to employee misconduct, charge-sheets, suspension, domestic enquiry, 90-day timeline, subsistence allowance, natural justice, punishment and dismissal after the Labour Codes.

Read More

Section 23 Domestic Violence Act: Interim & Ex Parte Orders, Affidavit, Prima Facie Test, Reliefs, Modification & Appeal

A practical guide to Section 23 of the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005: interim and ex parte orders, Form III affidavit, prima facie test, maintenance, residence, custody, compensation, modification under Section 25 and appeal under Section 29.

Read More

Section 223 BNSS Pre-Cognizance Hearing Is Mandatory: Supreme Court in Parvinder Singh (2026)

The Supreme Court in Parvinder Singh v. Directorate of Enforcement, 2026 INSC 519, held that the first proviso to Section 223(1) BNSS creates a mandatory substantive right of the accused to be heard before cognizance on a complaint, and non-compliance renders the cognizance order void ab initio.

Read More

Army Rule 25 Was Omitted in 1993: Current Procedure for Charges Against Officers Under Rules 22–24

Army Rule 25 was omitted in 1993. This guide explains the present procedure for hearing charges against Army officers under Rules 22–24, summary of evidence, Rule 26 summary disposal, court-martial consequences and the continuing relevance of older Supreme Court cases.

Read More

Data Processing Agreements Under the DPDP Act: Mandatory Clauses, Processor Liability, Security, Breaches and Cross-Border Data

A detailed Indian-law guide to Data Processing Agreements under the DPDP Act and 2025 Rules, covering Data Fiduciary responsibility, processor and subprocessor clauses, security, breach escalation, audit, deletion, cross-border access, liability and indemnity.

Read More

Army Promotion Lawyer in Delhi: Selection Boards, Non-Empanelment, APAR/ACR, Statutory Complaints & AFT Remedies 2026

Army non-empanelment guide covering ACR/CR errors, statutory complaints, Selection Board review, AFT jurisdiction, limitation, evidence and relief.

Read More

Personal Data Breach Reporting in India: DPDP 72-Hour Rule, CERT-In 6-Hour Rule, Notices, Evidence and Penalties

A current legal and operational guide to personal-data-breach reporting in India, comparing the DPDP Act and Rules with CERT-In’s six-hour cyber-incident reporting requirement, affected-person notices, evidence preservation and penalties.

Read More