Article 20 of the Constitution of India explained: ex post facto criminal laws, double jeopardy, self-incrimination, mobile phones, voice and biometric samples, narco-analysis, crime-scene re-enactment and current 2025–26 Supreme Court law.
Read MoreA practitioner-focused 2026 guide to Article 19 of the Constitution of India covering speech, peaceful assembly, association, movement, residence, profession, reasonable restrictions, social media, internet speech, protest rights and current Supreme Court law.
Read MoreThe Basic Structure Doctrine limits Parliament’s power to amend the Constitution under Article 368. It was laid down in Kesavananda Bharati and protects the essential identity of the Constitution, including constitutional supremacy, democracy, judicial review, secularism, federalism and limited amending power.
Read MoreA 2026 practitioner guide to Article 21 of the Constitution of India covering life, personal liberty, fair procedure, privacy, dignity, health, bail, speedy trial, prisoner rights, bodily autonomy and recent Supreme Court law.
Read MoreFundamental Duties under Article 51A explained with all 11 duties, the 42nd and 86th Amendments, enforceability, leading case law, comparison with Fundamental Rights and DPSP, and exam revision.
Read MoreDirective Principles of State Policy under Articles 36–51 of the Constitution explained with classification, Fundamental Rights comparison, amendments, leading Supreme Court cases and exam revision points.
Read MoreA structured guide to Fundamental Rights under Part III of the Constitution of India, covering Articles 12–35, leading Supreme Court cases, doctrines, restrictions and examination revision points.
Read MoreExam-oriented notes on the Preamble of the Indian Constitution covering its meaning, objectives, key expressions, legal status, amendment, Basic Structure doctrine, leading Supreme Court cases, short notes and revision questions.
Read MoreA current 2026 practitioner guide to Article 14 of the Constitution of India: equality before law, equal protection, reasonable classification, arbitrariness, manifest arbitrariness, negative equality, legitimate expectation and recent Supreme Court law.
Read MoreA current 2026 guide to Article 14 of the Constitution covering equality before law, equal protection, reasonable classification, arbitrariness, manifest arbitrariness, substantive equality, negative equality, legitimate expectation and recent Supreme Court law.
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