7 Essential Legal Rules for Employment Bonds in India Yes, an employment bond can be legally enforceable in India—but not every employment bond is automatically valid. The Supreme Court of India significantly clarified the law in Vijaya Bank & Anr. v. Prashant B. Narnaware, 2025 INSC 691, where it upheld a contractual condition requiring an...
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FIR, Zero FIR & e-FIR under BNSS LAW STUDENT NOTESCRIMINAL PROCEDURESECTION 173 BNSS Section 173 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS) governs information relating to cognizable offences. It gives statutory recognition to territorial flexibility associated with Zero FIR, permits information by electronic communication, requires a free copy for the informant or victim, creates...
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If a statutory complaint in the Indian Army is rejected, the aggrieved person may approach the Armed Forces Tribunal by filing an Original Application, provided the dispute falls within the Tribunal’s service-matter jurisdiction. For officers, the statutory remedy is linked to Section 27 of the Army Act, 1950, which allows an officer who deems himself...
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Labour law compliance risk mitigation for private companies in India means creating a structured HR and statutory-compliance system that reduces exposure from unpaid wages, minimum-wage violations, PF/ESI defaults, gratuity disputes, bonus liability, maternity-benefit claims, POSH non-compliance, contractor-labour issues, wrongful termination, overtime disputes, misclassification of employees as consultants, missing appointment letters, defective HR records and inspection-related...
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Director liability risk mitigation for private companies in India means creating systems that protect directors from personal exposure arising out of statutory defaults, unauthorised contracts, related-party transactions, tax and GST defaults, labour dues, cheque-bounce matters, data breaches, workplace complaints, regulatory non-compliance and defective board records. Under the Companies Act, 2013, directors have statutory duties under...
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Corporate Risk • Governance • Investigations • India • 2026 Corporate Risk Mitigation in India: Legal Risk Audit, Fraud Controls, Internal Investigations & Board Protection 2026 A practical framework for promoters, boards, CFOs, HR leaders, compliance teams, lenders and investors dealing with legal, operational, fraud, people, vendor, data and transaction risk. Preventive reviewRisk registers, controls,...
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Army Rule 51 allows an accused, before pleading to the charge, to offer a special plea to the general jurisdiction of the Court-Martial. If the Court considers that the plea shows lack of jurisdiction, it must receive evidence in support of the plea, evidence from the prosecution in disproof or qualification, and hear addresses from...
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M&A due diligence is the legal and commercial process through which a buyer, investor, lender or strategic partner verifies a target company before signing or closing a transaction. A high-quality M&A legal due diligence exercise should identify not only obvious legal defects, but also liabilities, consent requirements, control gaps, regulatory exposure, employment issues, litigation risk,...
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Armed Forces Pension Law · Medical Board · NANA · AFT Attributable or Aggravated by Military Service? NANA Medical Board, Dharamvir Singh & AFT Challenge 2026 A practical guide to the legal difference between attributability, aggravation and NANA; the effect of entry medical fitness; the role of Dharamvir Singh and later cases; the 2023 Entitlement...
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Army Rule 37 deals with the convening of General and District Courts-Martial. Before convening a General or District Court-Martial, the competent officer must first satisfy himself that the charges are offences within the meaning of the Army Act and that the evidence justifies a trial on those charges. If he is not so satisfied, he...
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